2020年05月06日 15:51 阅读量：1527
Functional Accessibility Evaluator (FAE) 2.0 是基于Web内容无障碍指南2.0(W3C Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0)
A,AA(国际标准AAA最高级)标准要求的网页信息无障碍检测工具.主要由美国伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校（University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign，缩写为UIUC）开发。
FAE 和 AInspector WCAG(Firefox Accessibility Extension)都是基于OpenAjax评估库规则和规则集的网页无障碍辅助工具。FAE 2.0中使用的每个规则都引用了一个主要的wcag2.0成功标准要求。
RIA(Rich Internet Application，富互联网应用系统)技术允许我们在因特网上以一种象使用Web一样简单的方式来部署富客户端程序。这是一个用户接口，它比用HTML能实现的接口更加健壮、反应更加灵敏和更具有令人感兴趣的可视化特性。无论将来RIA是否能够如人们所猜测的那样完全代替HTML应用系统，对于那些采用胖客户端技术运行复杂应用系统的机构来说，RIA确实提供了一种廉价的选择。
WEB语义可访问性(ARIA,全称 Accessible Rich Internet Application) 是新的HTML5标准中增加 aria-* 的标签属性,ARIA role标识提供了一种识别网页组织和结构的强大方法。通过对页面的各部分进行分类和标记，它们使得通过布局可视地传达的结构信息能够以编程方式表示。屏幕阅读器利用标志性角色为页面的重要部分提供键盘导航。标识区域也可以用作“跳过链接”的目标，并通过浏览器扩展用于增强的键盘导航和屏幕阅读器支持。与role标签属性配合使用。role属性表示一个非标准的tag的实际作用。比如用div做button，那么设置div 的 role=“button”，辅助工具就可以认出这实际上是个button。而aria-*的作用就是描述这个tag在可视化的情境中的具体信息。ARIA规定了能够让 Web 内容和 Web 应用（特别是那些由 Ajax 和 JavaScript 开发的）对于残障人士更易使用的各种机制。
FAE这些规则基于W3C ARIA 和HTML5规范的检测规则
FAE和AInspector中使用的规则是通过OpenAjax可访问性工作组的工作和FAE和AInspector WCAG用户的反馈开发的，已经超过六年的实践经验。
FAE作用与AInspector WCAG for Firefox和Accessibility Bookmarklets一起使用，以帮助人们了解web资源的可访问性功能、问题和潜在问题。
The “Run FAE” page provides a form for specifying the following analysis parameters:
基于下面几个维度检测评估分析:
Specifies the URL that will serve as the starting point of the analysis. Depending on the “Depth of Evaluation” and “Follow Links in” settings (described below), additional pages linked from the starting URL may also be included in the analysis.
指定检测评估起点的URL。根据“检测评估深度”和“跟随链接”设置（如下所述），分析中还可以包括从起始URL链接的其他页面。
The title to be displayed at the top of each report page. If no title is specified, then “Untitled Report” is displayed.
在每个页面顶部显示标题.如果没有指定标题，则显示"无标题"
When “Top-level page only” is selected, only the page specified by the URL will be analyzed. “Include second-level pages” will cause all pages linked from the top-level page (with domain restrictions as explained below) to be included in the analysis.
“Top-level page only” 仅检测当前路径页面；“Include second-level pages” 检测当前路径和包含下一级所有页面（不包含第三级）
In cases where “Depth of Evaluation” is set to either “Include second-level pages” or “Include third-level pages” the web crawler used by FAE can follow links in two different
ways:
When “Specified domain only” is selected, link following is restricted to the same domain as the specified URL. When “Next-level subdomains” is selected, links that are in subdomains of the next-level domain (relative to the domain specified by the URL) will also be followed.
如果“检测评估深度”设置为“包括二级页面”或“包括三级页面”，FAE使用的网络爬虫程序可以跟踪两个不同的链接
方法：
当选择“仅指定域”时，只检测同域名下所有链接（不包含子域名）。
当选择“下一级子域”时，位于下一级域的子域（相对于URL指定的域）中的链接也将跟随检测。
HTML4 Legacy Techniques ruleset recommends (but does not require) that ARIA landmarks be used in the design of the web page and that a failure of one of the landmark rules will result in a "warning". HTML5 and ARIA Techniques ruleset requires that ARIA landmarks be used in the design of the web page and that a failure of one of the landmark rules will result in a "violation".
HTML4遗留技术规则集建议（但不要求）在网页设计中使用ARIA标记，如果其中一个标记规则失败，将导致“警告”。
HTML5和ARIA技术规则集要求在网页设计中使用ARIA标记，其中一个标记规则的失败将导致“违反”(不符合标准)。
Limits the number of pages evaluated, which is useful to limit the amount or results or to get results faster.
After successfully completing the analysis, FAE displays the Summary Report, which provides a high-level view of the evaluation results, and places a link to this report in the Archived Reports list. This list includes additional report information such as the analysis date/time, the number of pages analyzed, the report title, the starting URL and the depth of evaluation.
限制检测评估的页数，这有助于更快地获得检测评估结果。
成功完成检测分析后，FAE将显示摘要报告，该报告提供评估结果的高级视图，并在“存档报告”列表中放置指向此报告的链接。此列表包括其他报告信息，如分析日期/时间、分析的页数、报告标题、起始URL和评估深度。
FAE organizes the analysis of documents based on the following rule categories:
FAE根据以下规则类别检测评估分析页面：
Use ARIA landmark roles to structure the content of each page and identify major sections of content, thus making them more findable and navigable. The use of landmarks will, in many cases, reflect the visual styling and page layouts that web designers utilize to set apart various sections of content.
使用ARIA区域标识角色来构造每个页面的内容并标识内容的主要部分，从而使它们更易于查找和导航。在许多情况下，区域标识的使用将反映网页设计师用来划分不同内容部分的视觉样式和页面布局。
Use heading elements (H1-H6) to provide appropriate labels for landmarks, and to identify subsections of content within landmarks.
使用标题元素（H1-H6）为区域标识提供适当的标签，并标识区域标识内的内容子部分。
Use proper HTML markup to identify the semantics and language of text content. Ensure that text is readable by adhering to color contrast guidelines, and that information is not conveyed solely by the use of color, shape, location or sound.
使用适当的HTML标记来标识文本内容的语义和语言。通过遵循颜色对比度准则，确保文本可读，并且信息不是仅通过颜色、形状、位置或声音来传达的
Provide appropriate text alternatives for static images and graphics.
为静态图片和图形提供适当的文本替代方案。
Use link text that properly describes the target of each link. Ensure consistency and uniqueness for links that are usable, predictable and understandable.
使用正确描述每个链接目标的链接文本。确保链接可用、可预测和可理解的一致性和唯一性。
Provide table captions or other meta-information as needed. Provide row and column header references for data cells of data tables. Ensure that tables used for layout properly linearize text content.
根据需要提供表格标题或其他元信息。为数据表的数据单元格提供行和列标题引用。确保用于布局的表正确地线性化了文本内容。
Provide meaningful labels for form elements and usable and understandable error feedback as needed.
根据需要为表单元素提供有意义的标签和可用且可理解的错误提示。
Use appropriate event handlers on elements to support native interactivity using JavaScript. Ensure that custom widgets created using JavaScript support keyboard interaction and include ARIA markup to describe their roles, properties and states.
对元素使用适当的事件处理程序来支持使用JavaScript的本机交互。确保使用JavaScript创建的自定义小部件支持键盘交互，并包含ARIA标记来描述它们的角色、属性和状态。
Provide appropriate text transcripts, captions or audio descriptions for elements used in rendering audio and video content.
显示音频和视频内容应该提供适当的文本文本、标题或音频描述。
Provide logical and sequential keyboard navigation among interactive elements such as links and form controls. Use standard models of keyboard interaction for custom widgets.
提供交互元素（如链接和表单控件）之间的逻辑和顺序键盘导航。为自定义小部件使用标准的键盘交互模型。
Eliminate accessibility problems caused by time limits on input and by content that moves, scrolls, flashes or auto-updates.
改造由输入时间限制和移动、滚动、闪烁或自动更新内容引起的可访问性问题。
Ensure the consistent labeling and ordering of recurrent page sections across all pages within a website. Provide a meaningful title for each page within a website.
站点导航确保在一个网站的所有页面上的重复页面部分的标签和顺序一致。为网站中的每个页面提供有意义的标题。
FAE 2.0 and AInspector 检测结果为什么不一样?
There are two major reasons why FAE 2.0 and AInspector Sidebar evaluation results may be different:
主要有两个原因：
When a page includes dynamically loaded content, the DOM that FAE 2.0 sees will often be different from the DOM that AInspector Sidebar sees, resulting in different evaluation results. The more dynamic the content in the page, the more possibility of a discrepancy.
原因一:静态页面,检测的页面dom元素基本一致；页面包含动态加载的内容越多，两工具检测的dom元素差别就越大。
Pages that are responsive to screen dimensions will have different content rendered depending on the width of the screen. FAE 2.0 generally has a wide screen and AInspector Sidebar will analyze the content based on the current screen width. Note: AInspector Sidebar will generally be more accurate than FAE for looking at Individual Pages.
原因二:屏幕尺寸大小的问题，FAE2.0 是基于宽屏的,AInspector 是基于当前页面尺寸的. 注意：在检测单页面时，AInspector侧边栏通常比FAE更准确。
为什么需要人工检测辅助?
The rules are designed to help users understand what accessibility issues they need to consider in the design of a website. Manual checks help users identify what they need to learn about accessibility inorder to insure their web resource is accessible. Currently manual checks help inform users of what they need to understand about accessibility, but in FAE 2.1 users will be able to update manual checks to Pass, Fail or Not Applicable to update the report details, summary and implementation scores for rules and rule catagories.
这些规则旨在帮助用户了解在设计网站时需要考虑哪些可访问性问题。手动检查有助于用户确定他们需要了解的可访问性，以确保他们的web资源是可访问的。目前，手动检查有助于告知用户他们需要了解的可访问性，但在FAE2.1中，用户将能够更新手动检查以通过、失败或不适用于更新规则和规则类别的报告详细信息、摘要和无障碍实施等级。