网页无障碍检测基本概念和术语

Concepts and Terms(概念术语)

FAE and AInspector WCAG for Firefox use the OpenAjax Evaluation Library the following concepts are important in understanding the terms and relatiohnships of the rules, rulesets and evaluation results of the library.

FAE 和 AInspector WCAG(Firefox Accessibility Extension)都是基于OpenAjax评估库,以下概念术语对理解库的规则、规则集和评估结果的关系非常重要。

Basic Concepts 基本概念

  • Rule

A low-level accessibility compliance requirement with numerous components, the most basic of which are a definition, an evaluation function, and result messages. When a rule is evaluated, it is assigned a rule result value.

度量规则从定义、评估函数和结果消息三个最基本的组件进行打分。

  • Ruleset

A set of rules that embodies specific standards compliance goals. Each rule within a ruleset is designated as either required or recommended, according to its relationship to the compliance goals of the ruleset.

规则集合包含规则,检测评估结果从规则集合给出“必需”或“建议”。

  • Evaluation The application of all evaluation functions of all rules in the selected ruleset to their corresponding target resources in a web page, and the subsequent collection of all evaluation results and messages, at both the rule and element levels, into a dataset.

所有的度量规则以规则集合形式检测评估网页元素资源,以单页面显示检测结果

  • Rule result
    The aggregate result of a rule evaluation with respect to its target resources (all of its target elements and/or the entire page).

规则评估相对于其标签资源(其所有标签元素和/或整个页面)的聚合结果。

  • Element result
    The result of a rule evaluation with respect to one of its target elements.

对其标签进行规则评估的结果。

  • Rule Scope
  • The scope helps the developer understand what they need to consider in satisfying a rule.
  • Element level rules require looking at element's features for content, labeling, properties and states.
  • Page level rules require looking at the page to help users understand the purpose and structure of the content on a page.
  • Website level rules require looking at the set of pages in a website for consistent ordering and labeling of content and making sure users understand the unique content of each page through effective titling of the pages.

这个范围帮助开发人员理解在满足规则时需要考虑什么。 元素级规则要求查看元素的内容、标签、属性和状态的功能。 页面级规则要求查看页面以帮助用户了解页面内容的目的和结构。 网站级规则要求查看网站中的页面集,以便对内容进行一致的排序和标记,并确保用户通过有效的页面标题了解每个页面的唯一内容。

Rule and element result values(Value,Abbrev,Meaning)

  • Violation -- V One or more target elements fail the requirements of a required rule

一个或多个标签不符合必需规则的要求

  • Warning -- W One or more target elements fail the requirements of a recommended rule

一个或多个标签不符合建议规则的要求

  • Manual Check -- MC Unable to programmatically determine a result - evaluation requires human inspection and knowledge of the associated WCAG 2.0 requirement.

需要了解WCAG 2.0人进行人工复查

  • Pass -- P All rule requirements were satisfied

满足所有规则要求

  • Hidden -- H Target elements were not evaluated because they are hidden (either visually or from assistive technologies)

未评估检测的标签,因为它们是隐藏的(可视的或来自辅助技术的)

  • Not Applicable -- N/A or ‘-’
    Rule was not applied because there were no relevant target elements

标签没有相关对应的检测规则

More about rules, target resources and result values

  • A rule tests target resources for specific accessibility features.
  • Some rules are fully automated and return pass or fail results and messages.
  • Other rules can only identify the need for human judgement to determine if an accessibility requirement has been met. These return manual check results and messages.
  • If target resources are not found on the page, the rule result is designated as not applicable.
  • If target resources for a rule are hidden, the rule result is designated as hidden. The hidden resources are included in the element results list to enable developers to consider their accessibility if and when they become available to users.
  • Rules also include information on accessibility techniques and links to related resources to help developers understand how to meet the requirements of a rule.

规则测试特定辅助功能的标签资源。 有些规则是完全自动化的,返回通过或失败的结果和消息。 其他规则只能确定是否需要人工判断来确定是否满足了可访问性要求。这些返回手动检查结果和消息。 如果在页面上找不到标签资源,则将规则结果指定为不适用。 如果规则的标签资源被隐藏,则规则结果被指定为隐藏。隐藏的资源包含在元素结果列表中,以便开发人员在用户可以使用它们时考虑它们的可访问性。 规则还包括有关可访问性技术的信息和指向相关资源的链接,以帮助开发人员了解如何满足规则的要求。

Implementation Score Definitions(Abbrev Score Status Description)

  • The implementation score is based on the rule results across all pages and ranges from 0 to 100.
  • '-' means there were no rule results for that group (e.g. rules were not applicable).
  • The following messages give a general idea of the overall implementation of the rules for a website.

最终得分基于所有页面的规则结果,分数范围从0到100。 “-”表示该组没有规则结果(例如,规则不适用)。 以下信息给出了网站规则总体实施的总体思路。

  • C -- 100 -- Complete Complete means all rules have passed. There were either no manual checks or all manual checks have been resolved.

完成意味着所有规则都通过了。没有人工检测项,或者所有人工检测项都已解决。

  • R -- 0 -- Required Manual Checks
  • Manual checks are required to verify accessibility. Markup has been identified that needs to be reviewed to determine if accessibility requirements have been met.
  • Start with the website and page level manual checks since they affect website and page navigation and identification of content and then start on the element level manual checks.

需要手动检查以验证可访问性。标记已被识别,需要审查以确定是否满足可访问性要求。 从网站和页面级别的手动检查开始,因为它们会影响网站和页面导航以及内容的标识,然后从元素级别的手动检查开始。

  • AC AC-R -- 95-99 -- Almost Complete
  • Almost Complete means that you seem to understand the accessibility requirements of the rules, and are close to fully implementing their requirements on all pages within the website.
  • "-R" means there are required Manual Checks. Markup has been identified that needs to be reviewed to determine if accessibility requirements have been met.

基本完成意味着基本满足解规则的可访问性要求,并且接近于在网站内的所有页面上完全实现它们的要求。 “-R”表示需要手动检查。标记已被识别,需要审查以确定是否满足可访问性要求。

  • PI PI-R -- 50-94 -- Partial Implementation
  • Partial Implementation means that you may understand at least some of the accessibility requirements.
  • "-R" means there are required Manual Checks. Markup has been identified that needs to be reviewed to determine if accessibility requirements have been met.
  • Please re-read the accessibility requirement and review the techniques before trying to improve the accessibility.

部分实现意味着您可能至少了解一些可访问性要求。 “-R”表示需要手动检查。标记已被识别,需要审查以确定是否满足可访问性要求。 请在尝试提高可访问性之前,重新阅读可访问性要求并检查技术。

  • NI NI-R -- 0-50 -- Not Implemented
  • Incomplete means that you do not understand the accessibility requirements of the rules or did not consider accessibility in the design of the website.
  • "-R" means there are required Manual Checks. Markup has been identified that needs to be reviewed to determine if accessibility requirements have been met.
  • Please read the accessibility requirements and review the techniques before trying to improve the accessibility.

没有实现规则的可访问性要求,或者在网站设计中没有考虑可访问性。 “-R”表示需要手动检查。标记已被识别,需要审查以确定是否满足可访问性要求。 在尝试提高可访问性之前,请阅读可访问性要求并查看技术。

  • na -- - -- Not Applicable
    No markup was found that identifed a known or possible accessibility issue.

未找到标识已知或可能的可访问性问题的标记。

Note: Future versions of FAE will allow you to mark manual checks as, pass, fail or not applicable.

注意:FAE将允许您将手动检查标记为“通过”、“失败”或“不适用”。

Implementation Score Computation

Implementation Score = P / (P + F + MC)

Each variable represents the number of element level results for a particular rule, where:

  • P = elements that passed
  • F = elements that failed
  • MC = elements that require a manual check

The score ranges in value from 0 to 100, that is from no implementation to all accessibility requirements met. In the future, FAE will allow you to change manual checks to pass, fail or not applicable, and will recompute the Implementation Score based on the updated manual checking results.

得分范围从0到100,即从没有实现到满足所有可访问性要求。未来,FAE将允许您将手动检查更改为通过、失败或不适用,并将根据更新的手动检查结果重新计算实现分数。

Note: When a manual check is changed to not applicable that element result is removed from the implementation score computation.

注意:当手动检查更改为不适用时,将从实现分数计算中剔除此元素评分。

Implementation Score Combinations

Implementation scores are rule-based and are computed for the following combinations:

实现分数是基于规则的,并根据以下组合计算:

Pages Rules Calculation
1 1 Element level results determine the implementation score for a rule on a specific page.
1 All The implementation score for a page is the average of all implementation scores for all rules on the page, with all rules being equally weighted.
All 1 The implementation score for a rule across all the pages in a website is based on the aggregation of all element results for the rule across all pages.
All All The implementation score for a website is the average of the website rule implementation scores.

Example Rule Implementation Scores on Individual Page

Description Pass Fail Manual Check Implementation Score
A rule with scope of element, like "Image must have alt text". 8 2 0 80
A rule with scope of page like "Page must have main landmark". 0 1 0 0
A rule with scope of element with elment results of pass, fail and manual checks that may occur for the color contrast rule. 134 29 37 67

Example Rule Implementation Score for All Pages in a Website

This is a hypothetical example for a website

Page results for Rule X Pass Fail Manual Check Implementation Score
Page 1 element results for rule X. 23 12 4 59
Page 2 element results for rule X. 12 4 0 75
Page 3 element results for rule X. 45 0 0 100
Website element results for Rule X 80 16 4 80

标签:网页无障碍 概念 术语